Personalised Comments Essay Example for Free

Personalised Comments Essay The presenter refers to her own experience several times in the text. She uses the expressive function using the first person story. Line 79-80: First time I heard him say that I burst out laughing in the dressing room some people er visiting QVC I just think must sound very very strange if you Here she refers to one of her experiences. The reason she might be doing this is to create solidarity with the audience. She attempts at being conversational intimate so that the audience feels like they know the presenter and will trust what she is saying. Line 62-64: Ive just realised something (2. 0) but all will become clear (2. 0) in just a couple of moments. I have changed the ear in which I wear my earpiece I used to wear the earpiece on my right ear She speaks about herself here as an incident has occurred and she feels obliged to explain what has happened in order to include the audience. She adopts a chatty, friendly tone. The presenter uses personalised comments to be deliberately informal. 2) Generic Features of Discourse The text has a number of generic features that are found in this type of discourse and spoken language in general. The presenter possesses some of these features, although they are kept to the minimum. This could be because she is a professional and experienced in this field. She makes informed comments, which adds authority to her utterances. She does this by using pseudo-scientific talk. Pseudo-scientific talk and Field Specific Lexis She uses pseudo-scientific lexis throughout the text as it gives the product prestige and this acts as a persuasive device. Line 13: Look at the shape of the vial its almost as slightly Here she uses pseudo-scientific vial, which is also a quasi-technical word. This adds prestige to the product and it makes her sound professional, and authority and the repetition of this lexeme adds emphasis. Line 23-24: turn it to the light here you can see that swirl of silver Phonological patenting like sibilance and alliteration make the products more memorable. The use of sibilance in swirl of silver adds rhythm and interest in the description of the product in order for the presenter to attract the attention of the audience. Line 40: Have a look at these the diomodice saltier dangle drop earrings Here she guides the audience, using a mitigated imperative form, to look at the product without sounding too authoritative. She uses pseudo scientific field specific lexis related to diamonds, to add weight to her utterances, and uses a neologism. This reference to diomodice sounds precious and exclusive. Alliteration is also evident dangle drop which works as a cohesive and attention seeking device. Although the information is al times technical and scientific, more often it is emotive and based on opinion rather than fact as throughout the data she describing the products suing personal endorsement and opinion, often implicitly. Discourse Markers She uses discourse markers to indicate the beginning or the end of a segment of the programme. Line 8-9: Now you could go into some of the most competitive jewellery stores Line 23: Now look as I just turn it to Here the discourse marker now is used as a tool to draw attention to what she wants the audience to look at. In the former utterance the presenter uses the conditional form could, which is more of a mitigated directive so it has a less authoritative feel. Deictic words like now and hyperbolic adjectives amazing are as Ogilvy describes them, all shop worn clichis that work in the world of advertising. In the latter utterance she uses an imperative look as the audience are being urged to buy. This adds a degree of immediacy and authority and puts the presenter in position of power. Line 36: Now previously over 500 of you have gone for this particular pendant Line 89-90: but never mind. Lets have a look at what er we are going to be talking about now Discourse markers make it clear when there is a subject shift and draws the audiences attention to what the presenter will be talking about next.

Globalization Has Increased Poverty In A Developing Nation Economics Essay

Globalization Has Increased Poverty In A Developing Nation Economics Essay Nowadays, the term globalization is the main focus of attention. It is often described as a process of internationalization easy communication regardless of geographical boundaries due to advance technologies, easy and fast financial capital flow across the globe and countries become more interdependent particularly in economy. It is believed that globalization provides consumers with variety of choices with affordable price. So, is the globalization reducing or increasing poverty? This study will attempt to briefly answer this question. Though both the United Nations and India have celebrated fifty years, they have been criticized for failing to translate the stated mandate for the disadvantaged millions. Half a century after Independence, as of now, we have the largest population of poor people in the world, one third of our rural population is below the poverty line and despite the UN agencies massive aid projects, the development assistance of the World Bank, bilateral aid, the Center and State governments intervention, the gap between the rich and the poor has doubled in the last three decades fifteen years ago the lowest 20 per cent of global population received 2.5 per cent of global wealth whereas at present, the share has been reduced to less than 1.3 per cent. For example, the 1999 UNDP Human Development Report records that the gap between the rich and the poor among nations as well as within nations has widened. Even the World Bank in its Report for 1999 concedes that raising the GNP is not enough to impr ove human development, other social measures are needed. The trickle-down theory of economic development cannot bring out the desired results. It has also pointed out that India is a country of stark contrasts and disparities. Among the widening contradictions some seem to be glaring. Undoubtedly food grain production has increased fourfold but 653 per cent of children under four remain undernourished; literacy has doubled, yet half the population is illiterate, life expectancy has improved but only 927 females survive for every 1000 males. As we have entered into the twenty-first century, it is imperative on our part to look at the scenario with bare facts and figures. The problem statement Does Globalization increase or reduce poverty. Objective and scope Poverty in India is widespread with the nation estimated to have a third of the worlds poor. According to a 2005 World Bank estimate, 42% of Indias falls below the international poverty line of $1.25 a day (PPP, in nominal terms Rs. 21.6 a day in urban areas and Rs 14.3 in rural areas); having reduced from 60% in 1980. According to the criterion used by the Planning Commission of India 27.5% of the population was living below the poverty line in 2004-2005, down from 51.3% in 1977-1978, and 36% in 1993-1994 Among the causes ascribed for the high level poverty in India are its history under British rule, large population, and low literacy. Also important is Indias social structure, including the caste system in India, and the role of women in Indian society. Economic growth has in the past been dampened by a dependence upon agriculture, and the economic policies adopted after its independence. Since the 1950s, the Indian government and non-governmental organizations have initiated several programs to alleviate poverty, including subsidizing food and other necessities, increased access to loans, improving agricultural techniques and price supports, and promoting education and family planning. These measures have helped eliminate famines, cut absolute poverty levels by more than half, and reduced illiteracy and malnutrition. (I) Defining globalization and poverty (II) Does Globalization reduce poverty, (III) Does Globalization increase poverty, (IV) What are the other reasons contributing to poverty, (V) What role The World Bank, IMF and WTO play in developing countries, (VI) Who benefit the most from globalization. Defining Globalization and Poverty Globalization has been defined in various dimensions. Among many established definitions, these are some of them. Globalization as internationalization in which is viewed as simply another adjective to describe cross-border relations between countries; Globalization as liberalization which refers to a process of removing government-imposed restrictions on movements between countries in order to create an open, borderless world economy. Defining poverty is controversial. Definition of poverty in developed countries may not be applicable to the one in developing countries. However, United Nations and World Bank define poverty line as living on less than a $1 and $2 a day for low income countries. Sociologists define poverty a lack of essential items such as food, clothing, water, and shelter needed for proper living . Since Globalization and Poverty is a huge and very broad topic, this short paper is to attempt looking at one of the heated debate questions on whether globalization reduces or increase poverty. Numerous studies on this issue have been carried out. However, the findings are conflicting. (II) Globalization Reduces Poverty Neoliberal economists widely believe that globalized trade benefits not only the affluent but also the poor through trade integration. Neoliberal economic theorymore open economies are more prosperous, economies that liberalize more experience a faster rate of progress Wade (2004, p-567). The belief is that as countries open up their economy such as by slashing down the trade barriers for instance tariff, custom duty and quotas, price of imported goods will be affordable for the poor; foreign direct investments come in and create jobs in local economy. Consequently, this increases export growth and GDP. Millions of poor peoples living standard improves because of jobs created. China, India and Vietnam are often cited as good examples for success of globalized economy. (III) Globalization Increases Poverty On the contrary, many economists are unconvinced by the neoliberal economists view that globalization reduces poverty. Pilger (2001) in his TV report on Indonesia presents that despite investments from multinational corporations (eg. Nike, Levis, Reebok Classic, Calvin Klein Jeans, Adidas, Gap Inc.), poverty remains unchanged in Indonesia. On average, Indonesian workers are paid only slightly over Rupiah 9,000 (US$1) per day which is just over half of a living wage. Harrison (2006) finds similar situation in Mexico. Mexico is a member of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed in 1993 with Canada, Mexico and USA. If trade integration is to reduce poverty and benefit the poor as neoliberal economists suggest, poverty in Mexico should be declined. But, Harrison (2006, p-7) concludes that poverty rates in Mexico in the year 2000 were higher than they had been ten years earlier. This reinforces that neoliberal economists view on decline of poverty is unconvinced. (IV) Other reasons contribute to poverty Wade (2004, p-571) states that more than 1.2 billion people are still living on less than US$1 a day. The followings are some of the most recognized reasons contribute to poverty: lack of natural resources, natural disaster long period of draught, corruption and sanctions imposed against specific country. For example, according to United Nations, Cape Verde is one of the most stable democratic countries in Africa and the government is relatively mild in corruption. It ranks 49 out of 179 in Transparency Internationals 2008 Corruption Perceptions Index . But due to cycles of long-term drought, lack of natural resources, shortage of water supply and lack of foreign investments, the state is still among the poorest nations on earth despite its good governance. Countries with rich endowment of nature resources also remain in poverty due to wide spread corruption, bad governance, political instability and economic sanctions imposed by powerful countries. For example, my country, Myanmar (Burma) is still among the worlds poorest countries despite rich endowment of natural resources from oil to various gem stones. It is due to political instability, severe corruption, lack of reliable judiciary system, basic infrastructures and economic sanction imposed by The US. Consequently, unemployment rate is remarkably high and chance of economic success for big majority of population is slim unless economic and political reform take place. (V) Role of World Bank, IMF and WTO on development in poor countries The World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization are widely known as driving forces of trade liberalization. Pilger (2001) interviews several former executive officials of The World Bank and IMF in his TV report on Indonesia. Those officials explain that the roles The World Bank and IMF have played in Indonesias economy and various criteria a country to comply with order to get loan from them. World Bank and IMF are supposedly to help poor countries. In reality, powerful countries use the two institutions as tools to suck up resources from developing countries via multinational corporations, according to the TV report. To get loans from the institutions, a country has to reform its economy which mainly means to open up markets and allow multinational corporations to access to countrys resources and privatize industries. Thus, complying with the criteria implies serving the best interests of multinational corporations. In addition to opening up markets for multinational corporations, the loans also come with so called technical experts or consultants. So, significant sum of the loans go back to developed countries as salaries of those experts. To get loan from the institutions, a country also has to have a good relationship with the US because it controls 16.77% of total votes in IMF and 16.39% of The World Banks total vote. For instance, N-Korea and Cuba cannot get loans from the institutions because of sour relationship with The US. World Trade Organization (WTO) is another driver of trade liberalization. It forces member countries to open up their markets and eliminate trade barriers. New members are also required to fulfill these criteria. Members are required to comply with intellectual property laws which were mainly written by the big corporations. WTO is widely criticized for being ineffective to protect the interests of developing nations. When trade disputes occur, chance of getting success in legal battle for poor country is very slim even if it has a good ground because the mechanism is so expensive and complicated. Besides, it cannot force developed countries to stop subsidizing agricultural industry because farmers from poor countries are unable to compete with those heavily subsidized farmers in developed countries. Thus, poor countries always have less advantage in global trading system. (VI) Who benefits the most from globalization? There is no doubt that globalized trades/economy benefits all the parties concerned. However, various studies show that advanced countries are benefiting from the trades more than poor countries. Yotpoulos and Romano (2007, P-21) state that free markets and free trade work best if there are supported by extensive institutional structure such as business infrastructures, reliable legal system and political stability. Thus, globalization is more likely to favour the countries which are wealthy and institution rich, at the expense of those that are poor. On the other hand, developing countries with strong infrastructure base, political stability, dependable legal system and abundant labor forces also benefit from globalization. China, India and Vietnam are often cited as ideal examples. Furthermore, United Nation (2007, P-23) asserts that countries with bargaining strength are more likely to benefit more from bilateral trade agreements and impose more onerous terms on the weaker parties. We must ensure that the global market is embedded in broadly shared values and practices that reflect global social needs, and that all the worlds people share the benefits of globalization. Kofi Annan . (VII) Conclusion In short, it is hard to find convincing data to support either globalization reduces or increases poverty. However, it is clear that globalization is more beneficial to developed countries than to developing countries mainly because of wide spread corruption, bad governance, lack of necessary business infrastructures. Unless world leaders share Kofi Annans concern We must ensure that the global market is embedded in broadly shared values and practices that reflect global social needs, and that all the worlds people share the benefits of globalization., the following remarks are unfortunately likely to continue to be true. George Monbiot (Environmentalist) summarizes, Globalization is used to suggest a coming together of people of all races, all countries. It will relieve poverty and distribute wealth. What is actually happening is precisely the opposite. The Poor become markedly poorer and wealthy become staggeringly wealthier. United States Space Command (1997, p-6) remarks The globalization of the world economy will also continue, with a widening between haves and have-nots. References: Ann Harrison, GLOBALIZATION AND POVERTY NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Working Paper 12347, Cambridge, 2006. www.nber.org/papers/w12347 John Pilger, Globalization: New Rulers of the World, Carlton Production, 2001. (TV report) Pan A. Yotpoulos and Donato Romano (editors), The Asymmetries of Globalization, Routledge, USA Canada, 2007. ROBERT HUNTER WADE, Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality? London School of Economics and Political Science, World Development Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 567-589, UK, 2004. United Nations, The Employment Imperative: Report on the World Social Situation 2007 New York, 2007. Significance of the study India opened up the economy in the early nineties following a major crisis that led by a FOREX crunch that dragged the economy close to defaulting on loans. The response was a slew of Domestic and external sector policy measures partly prompted by the immediate needs and partly by the demand of the multilateral organisations. The new policy regime radically pushed forward in favour of a more open and market oriented economy. Major measures initiated as a part of the liberalisation and globalisation strategy in the early nineties included scrapping of the industrial licensing regime, reduction in the number of areas reserved for the public sector, amendment of the monopolies and the restrictive trade practices act, start of the privatisation programme, reduction in tariff rates and change over to market determined exchange rates. Over the years there has been a steady liberalisation of the current account transactions, more and more sectors opened up for foreign direct investments and portfolio investments facilitating entry of foreign investors in telecom, roads, ports, airports, insurance and other major sectors. The Indian tariff rates reduced sharply over the decade from a weighted average of 72.5% in 1991-92 to 24.6 in 1996-97.Though tariff rates went up slowly in the late nineties it touched 35.1% in 2001-02. India is committed to reduced tariff rates. Peak tariff rates are to be reduced to the minimum with a peak rate of 20%, in another 2 years most non-tariff barriers have been dismantled by March 2002, including almost all quantitative restrictions. Globalization has increased poverty, although there is a school of thought that it has reduced poverty. India is Global: The liberalisation of the domestic economy and the increasing integration of India with the global economy have helped step up GDP growth rates, which picked up from 5.6% in 1990-91 to a peak level of 77.8% in 1996-97. Growth rates have slowed down since the country has still bee able to achieve 5-6% growth rate in three of the last six years. Though growth rates has slumped to the lowest level 4.3% in 2002-03 mainly because of the worst droughts in two decades the growth rates are expected to go up close to 70% in 2003-04. A Global comparison shows that India is now the fastest growing just after China. This is major improvement given that India is growth rate in the 1970s was very low at 3% and GDP growth in countries like Brazil, Indonesia, Korea, and Mexico was more than twice that of India. Though Indias average annual growth rate almost doubled in the eighties to 5.9% it was still lower than the growth rate in China, Korea and Indonesia. The pick up in GDP growth has helped improve Indias global position. Consequently Indias position in the global economy has improved from the 8th position in 1991 to 4th place in 2001. When GDP is calculated on a purchasing power parity basis. Globalisation and Poverty: Globalisation in the form of increased integration though trade and investment is an important reason why much progress has been made in reducing poverty and global inequality over recent decades. But it is not the only reason for this often unrecognised progress, good national polices , sound institutions and domestic political stability also matter. Despite this progress, poverty remains one of the most serious international challenges we face up to 1.2 billion of the developing world 4.8 billion people still live in extreme poverty. But the proportion of the world population living in poverty has been steadily declining and since 1980 the absolute number of poor people has stopped rising and appears to have fallen in recent years despite strong population growth in poor countries. If the proportion living in poverty had not fallen since 1987 alone a further 215million people would be living in extreme poverty today. India has to concentrate on five important areas or things to follow to achieve this goal. The areas like technological entrepreneurship, new business openings for small and medium enterprises, importance of quality management, new prospects in rural areas and privatisation of financial institutions. The manufacturing of technology and management of technology are two different significant areas in the country. There will be new prospects in rural India. The growth of Indian economy very much depends upon rural participation in the global race. After implementing the new economic policy the role of villages got its own significance because of its unique outlook and branding methods. For example food processing and packaging are the one of the area where new entrepreneurs can enter into a big way. It may be organised in a collective way with the help of co-operatives to meet the global demand. Understanding the current status of globalisation is necessary for setting course for future. For all nations to reap the full benefits of globalisation it is essential to create a level playing field. President Bushs recent proposal to eliminate all tariffs on all manufactured goods by 2015 will do it. In fact it may exacerbate the prevalent inequalities. According to this proposal, tariffs of 5% or less on all manufactured goods will be eliminated by 2005 and higher than 5% will be lowered to 8%. Starting 2010 the 8% tariffs will be lowered each year until they are eliminated by 2015. GDP Growth rate: The Indian economy is passing through a difficult phase caused by several unfavourable domestic and external developments; Domestic output and Demand conditions were adversely affected by poor performance in agriculture in the past two years. The global economy experienced an overall deceleration and recorded an output growth of 2.4% during the past year growth in real GDP in 2001-02 was 5.4% as per the Economic Survey in 2000-01. The performance in the first quarter of the financial year is5.8% and second quarter is 6.1%. Export and Import: Indias Export and Import in the year 2001-02 was to the extent of 32,572 and 38,362 million respectively. Many Indian companies have started becoming respectable players in the International scene. Agriculture exports account for about 13 to 18% of total annual of annual export of the country. In 2000-01 Agricultural products valued at more than US $ 6million were exported from the country 23% of which was contributed by the marine products alone. Marine products in recent years have emerged as the single largest contributor to the total agricultural export from the country accounting for over one fifth of the total agricultural exports. Cereals (mostly basmati rice and non-basmati rice), oil seeds, tea and coffee are the other prominent products each of which accounts fro nearly 5 to 10% of the countries total agricultural exports. Where does Indian stand in terms of Global Integration? India clearly lags in globalisation. Number of countries have a clear lead among them China, large part of east and far east Asia and eastern Europe. Lets look at a few indicators how much we lag. Over the past decade FDI flows into India have averaged around 0.5% of GDP against 5% for China 5.5% for Brazil. Whereas FDI inflows into China now exceeds US $ 50 billion annually. It is only US $ 4billion in the case of India Consider global trade Indias share of world merchandise exports increased from .05% to .07% over the pat 20 years. Over the same period Chinas share has tripled to almost 4%. Indias share of global trade is similar to that of the Philippines an economy 6 times smaller according to IMF estimates. India under trades by 70-80% given its size, proximity to markets and labour cost advantages. It is interesting to note the remark made last year by Mr. Bimal Jalan, Governor of RBI. Despite all the talk, we are now where ever close being globalised in terms of any commonly used indicator of globalisation. In fact we are one of the least globalised among the major countries however we look at it. As Amartya Sen and many other have pointed out that India, as a geographical, politico-cultural entity has been interacting with the outside world throughout history and still continues to do so. It has to adapt, assimilate and contribute. This goes without saying even as we move into what is called a globalised world which is distinguished from previous eras from by faster travel and communication, greater trade linkages, denting of political and economic sovereignty and greater acceptance of democracy as a way of life. Consequences: The implications of globalisation for a national economy are many. Globalisation has intensified interdependence and competition between economies in the world market. This is reflected in Interdependence in regard to trading in goods and services and in movement of capital. As a result domestic economic developments are not determined entirely by domestic policies and market conditions. Rather, they are influenced by both domestic and international policies and economic conditions. It is thus clear that a globalising economy, while formulating and evaluating its domestic policy cannot afford to ignore the possible actions and reactions of policies and developments in the rest of the world. This constrained the policy option available to the government which implies loss of policy autonomy to some extent, in decision-making at the national level. ~

Physical Activity and Body Weight vs Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseas

Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common and well known afflictions in modern society. It kills and hospitalizes many people every year. CVD is actually a rather broad category of affliction. It encompasses any disease or condition that affects the heart. These conditions have effects that range from mild to surgical repair and even to death in extreme cases. The causes of CVD are fairly well known. It is directly linked to both physical activity (and the obesity that it prevents) and body mass index (BMI) in the research that we have studied. The BMI is a measure of the proportion of the body that is made up of fat. The higher a person's BMI number is, the more body fat they have. The combination of these two conditions creates a persons risk for CVD. The problem lies in the fact that the exact reasons that these factors create risk of CVD and how much risk they create is not fully understood. It is well known that obesity and physical activity play large roles in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity has become even more significant since obesity is on the rise in the United States. Obesity is strongly associated with physical activity, meaning that people who exercise will also lose weight as well as increase their physical fitness. However there are many people who remain obese even with strong levels of physical activity. This sets up the question of what roles weight and physical activity have on lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease independently. Recent studies have shown that increasing physical fitness reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease regardless of body weight, and that increasing physical activity reduces the risk more that losing weight alone. T... ... way, the benefits of being fit were found not to totally alleviate the risk of being fat or that being slender totally alleviated the health risks of being unfit. From this it is clear that the best way to avoid both all-cause and cardiovascular disease death is to be both fit and have a normal body weight. Works Cited: Stevens, June, et al. "Fitness and Fatness as Predictors of Mortality from All Causes and from Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women in the Lipid Research Clinics Study." American Journal of Epidemiology 19 June 2002: 832-41. Oxford Journals. 7 Nov. 2006 . Weinstein, Amy R., and Howard D. Sesso. "Joint Effects of Physical Activity and Body Weight on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Vol.34 2006: 10-15. American College of Sports Medicine.

Thomas Jefferson :: essays research papers

Thomas Jefferson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book that I choose to read and analyze was Jefferson The Virginian, written by Dumas Malone. This book was the first volume and it was written in 1948. I choose this book because I have always been interested in Thomas Jefferson and his life. I found this book to be extremely informative about Jefferson. It included growing up on the fringe of western settlement in Virginia, the college of William and Mary in Williamsburg, to the years he served in the Virginia House of Burgesses, to helping write the Declaration of Independence, and to his years as president of the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Jefferson was born April 2nd 1743 in Albemarle County, Virginia. His parents were Peter Jefferson and Jane Randolph, the House they live in was called Shadwell, it was named after the parish in London where his mother was from. Jefferson’s father died in the summer of 1757. In Peter Jefferson’s will he said not until his son turned twenty-one would he be able to receive what had been left to him, which included lands on either the Rivanna or the Fluvanna, a proper share of the livestock, half of the slaves not disposed of, and the residue of the estate. After his father’s death he had no true father figure in his early life. The man who had the greatest impact early in his life was while he was studying under the Reverend James Maury. This partnership probably did little to influence Jefferson’s political views in future years, but Maury did encourage him to study the classics like the Greeks and Italians. After leaving from Maur y’s school he attended William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. The most   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   influential professor that he had here was William Small who taught philosophy. Another Influence that Small had on his life was that he got Jefferson work in the law office of George Wythe. He studied law for five years under Wythe. While under Wythe’s leadership Jefferson became friend’s with the governor of the time Francis Fauquier, he was able to meet him through Wythe’s service on the general court. In 1767 he was elected to the Virginia House of Burgess at the age of twenty-five, and five years later he married Martha Wayles Skelton.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When it came to time for the revolution against the British Empire, Thomas Jefferson was more than ready. Before he wrote his chief literary contribution to the revolutionary cause, he wrote Summary View.

photosynthesis :: essays research papers

Photosynthesis Investigation to find effects of distance of a light source from pond weed has on the amount of oxygen produced Photosynthesis All green plants need to be able to make their own food.They do this by a process called photosynthesis.For photosynthesis to occur they need sunlight energy.This energy is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll,which is mainly found in the leaves.This energy then combinEs with water molecules (from the soil) and carbon dioxide (from the air).Then as a result of this,a type of sugar is produced .This is called glucose.Also oxygen is made. For my experiment I have chosen to use light distance as my variable.This means that to carry out a fair test everything else must be kept the same during the experiment. Hypothesis I think that as the light source (desk lamp) is moved closer to the pondweed,the rate that oxygen is produced will increase therefore more oxygen willbe produced and also more glucose. I believe this will happen because when the the light source is nearer to the plant more of the plants surface area is coming in to contact with the light from the desklamp therefore more photosynthesis will occur which will mean more oxygen and glucose will be produced. Apparatus †¢ Funnel. †¢ Measuring cylinder. †¢ Stop watch. †¢ Card board and foil(used to fillter the light). †¢ Beaker. †¢ Desklamp. †¢ one metre ruler stick. †¢ Balance. †¢ Pondweed. †¢ Carbon dioxide Powder. †¢ Water. †¢ Scapular. Fair Test To ensure that a fair test is carried out the following things must be done †¢ The same pondweed must be used every time we change the light distance. †¢ Do th e experiment three times for each distance to get an accurate average. †¢ There must only be one variable and that is the distance of the light source from the plant. †¢ Chose a value for carbon dioxide mixture and keep at the same value allthe way through the experiment(3 grams). †¢ Keep the experiment at a constant 20degres (this is because more oxygen is produced at this temperature). †¢ Take results after three minutes for each induvidual experiment. Safety †¢ Follow lab safety rules (eg no running bags at back etc). †¢ keep the desklamp away from contact with water. †¢ Be careful when using scapuar. Method †¢ Collect apparatus. †¢ Set up apParatus as in diagram. †¢ Fill measuring cylinder and beaker with water. †¢ Add carbon dioxide mixture to water. †¢ Set up desklamp in correct position(eg 10cm). †¢ Turn on desklamp and start stopwatch. †¢ Count the bubbles for the next three minutes and also make a note of the

Cinderella Man Essay

From a descent fighter making it by in the world, to soup lines, to making one intense comeback, Braddock lived the ultimate American dream. â€Å"Cinderella Man,† James Braddock comes from New Jersey and he’s a light-heavyweight boxer in the start of this film. Making it by in life, he is forced to give up his dream when he ends up fighting with a broken hand, which took him out of the ring when he threw an illegal punch. That punch resulted with James losing his license. The Braddock’s could not afford to keep up with everything financially. He gives it his all in order to overcome the hardships he and his family are living. In an earlier scene Braddock gave his daughter his ration of a breakfast as she begged her mother in hunger, for more. â€Å"Here is a movie where a good man prevails in a world, where every day is an invitation to despair, where resentment would seem fully justified, where doing the right thing seems almost gratuitous, because nobody is looking and nobody cares.† (Ebert, Para 9) Braddock prays for the ability to provide, despite all he does he just could not make ends meet. His wife Mae sent the children away to her sisters so that they would be warm and provided for. He is so upset because he had promised those little ones they would never be separated and that he would do anything to keep their family together. Braddock resorts to begging his managers and others when he couldn’t afford to turn the utilities back on. He sells anything and everything worth a dime just to be able to provide for his wife and children, and get those kids back home. Braddock takes his collection of change along with wages from the docks and he managed to get the bills paid. The man just wants to be able to put food on the table as well as heat the home simultaneously. He manages to bring the kids back home and they run through filled with joy as they flicked nearly every light switch on. Nothing could have made them happier than to be back home and for their father to keep his promise. Out of sheer luck his manager comes to him one day with a single fight to offer for $250 only because another fighter needed a fill-in. He accepts the offer and wins; his manager then convinces everyone to let him back in the ring for good. He was truly given his second chance at life and the opportunity to fulfill his version of the American dream. The only problem is that his dream was his wife’s worst nightmare. That nightmare only got worse when Braddock was offered a chance in the ring with Max Baer. Despite the fact that Max Baer has already killed two men in the ring and his wife’s wishes against the fight, He took on Baer, knowing what a monster he was up against. Mae returns home and finds her children in the stairway listening to the fight over the radio. She proceeded to pace back and forth awaiting the end of the fight. All she wanted hoped, and prayed for was her husband’s survival and she got more; he won. When he eventually made it back to the ring, it was far from certain that he’d ever land a bout with the heavyweight champ – much less that he’d prevail over Baer, portrayed in the film as a single-minded punching machine with a mean streak as broad as his beefy shoulders. (Sterritt, Para 8) Becoming the new world champion, Braddock won more than just a fight. The story is almost fairy-tale-like as you feel his dreams come true in that last round. With his crooked smile pinned upon his face, Braddock took that win right from Baer. With the winnings he and his wife bought a house. They raised those kids in that house and happily lived the rest of their lives there. Triumphantly James Braddock won and lived the American dream Dargis, Manohla. â€Å"Cinderella Man (2005).† Movie Reviews, Showtimes and Trailers. The New York Times, 2005. Web.15 Apr. 2012. . Ebert, Roger. â€Å"Cinderella Man :: Rogerebert.com :: Reviews.†Rogerebert.com. Chicago Sun Times, 2 June 2005. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. . Sterritt, David. â€Å"In ‘Cinderella Man,’ Actors Pack a Punch.† The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 03 June 2005. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. .

Cloud computing and web 2.0 Essay

Cloud computing refers to technological computing that depend on sharing of computing resources as opposed to having organizational devices or local servers to take care of the applications in the organization. The word cloud is metaphoric to the internet. In a nutshell, the phrase cloud computing refers to computing based on the internet where dissimilar servers applications and storage are delivered to the computers and devices of the organization. How Organizations use Cloud Computing Today, businesses use cloud computing to access business information anywhere by use of compatible devices. Unlike storing information in the computer or having office servers, cloud computing enables data storage on the internet. Khan& Zaheer, (2012) asserts that the application works by availing the information from a central web based hub that enable anyone in possession of accurate credentials to access the information anywhere with internet connection. This allows mobile working which further reduces the cost of office space renting expenditures. Perhaps, most importantly, the technology is widely used in data back-up. This prevents loss of vital information in-case of system failure or any disaster. The cloud allows automatic update of the data while at work as well as creating copies of data off-site safe from any disaster. Cloud computing also allows data synchronization for all the devices connected to the cloud permitting constant update with real-time information. The orga nizations use the cloud to access all types of files, use the office information and further collaborate with staff members while working on a similar project in different locations which enable sharing of information.Businesses use cloud technology to plan for future growth of the business and Business owners always aim at reducing the cost of production and overall business costs without sacrificing their ability to compete and run business. For this reason, most businesses use the computing process to store functional programs which might include customer service tools, accounting services and remote desktop hosting. A recent study noticed that businesses that focus on cloud technology have higher competitive edge than their competitors who do not use the technology. They mentioned areas such as efficiency in customer service, digital information storage, marketing, quick information up-dates and proper employee management. Technology Required in Operating Cloud Computing The organization must poses business and financial, technological skill to effectively operate cloud computing. Innovations in return on investment making judgment on business metrics based on performance versus costs of subscribing the cloud. Secondly, the staff must have technical skill to build on the clouds. Knowledge based on internet applications such as java and NET, languages and open source tools are required. Architectural development and management skills also come forefront in the management of the cloud computing. This is essential for laying elaborate road map of IT services and speaking the language of the business. The organization must also marshal key stakeholders to agree on the timelines, goals and meet the project objectives. Furthermore, the company must invest in technological security measures to provide protection for confidential information. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing Cloud technology offers wide advantages to the users. The technology is cost effective and easy to update and maintain. Traditional desktops are financially ineffective and increase business costs. The company can, therefore, maximize on returns by lowering the costs. Secondly, it offers unlimited storage for data hence no worry of storage space. The technology has recovery and backup for stored data that eliminates loss of data in case of any damages. Lastly, cloud computing offers easy access to information by the users anywhere they are, and the cloud integrates software automatically. However, the drawbacks of using cloud computing technology are double. Firstly, implementation of cloud computing in the organization requires personnel training. Additionally, it demands the establishment of elaborate and effective troubleshooting system during and after the launching of the cloud. Organizations are further charged with challenges of addressing hesitant employees who are unfamiliar with the cloud computing technology. Secondly, security risks are major concerns of cloud technology (Khan& Zaheer, 2012). The owners of the businesses and decision makers majorly worry vulnerability of sensitive data in the cloud to the unauthorized users. Although the users are provided with passwords and usernames, the verification of these details remains a top challenge. These threaten the safety of information in the cloud as the internet hackers can access confidential information. Web 2.0 Web 2.0 refers to the term used to describe the second generation of the World Wide Web aimed at the ability of the users to share information and collaborate online. It mentions the transition derived from static HTLM web pages to advanced and dynamic web based on serving applications of the web users in an organized manner. How Organizations use Web 2.0 Today, according to Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley. (2003) businesses embrace web 2.0 technologies to build relationships with customers and to improve the employee welfare while reducing costs. Web 2.0 services such as YouTube slide share and twitter can add value to businesses. The technology is used to empower the organization’s employees through sharing of productive business innovative information which in turn leads to high sales, assists in strengthening the company brand, corporate identity and image. Furthermore, the organizations use the web 2.0 technologies to aid recruitment of employees and simultaneously improving their working environments and relationships. Research one by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, (2013) shows that businesses create pages in facebook and invite the users and customers to become fans of the page. In the page, all the fans will receive notifications on news feeds. With time, the page develops into many fans of the business that creates room for spreading awareness of the corporate identity and the brand of the business. Therefore, social pages such as facebook offer excellent advertising services at a lower cost as opposed to media advertisement which is very expensive. The social sites offers good program for the target audience and location. Additionally, the social sites offer grounds for receiving feedback from the customers as a process of the tracking system of the business. Using the fans’ feedback, businesses can adjust to the needs of the customers in product services and eventually grow. Also, YouTube offers online videos allowing the site users to watch countless times. People register in YouTube for free and once they have registered, they can download the videos and share via email, or post on blogs. Advertisements can be done through YouTube and people will have a chance to rate the products by commenting on the videos. Advantages and Disadvantages of Web 2.0 Web 2.0 is user-centered that allows collaboration, interaction and sharing of information. Web 2.0 users enjoy the freedom of sharing thoughts, likes, philosophy’s views and dislikes. The technology assists in media marketing at a lower cost and use of optimum search engines for business development. Social networking increases the circles of friends who have the chance to post their comments and views regarding the business. Furthermore, it promotes online business for products and services and constant posting and update of information. Contrastingly, the technology has some drawbacks which include loading of information by many users who post their views. This creates confusion to the users and sometimes the content of information posted is unreliable. Additionally, the freedom of posting can create a chance for competitors to post negative comments about the business creating unfavorable business environment. Lastly, online hackers and forgeries can create crime by accessing confidential information (Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley, 2003). Technology required in Operating Web 2.0 Web 2.0 covers wide range of technologies. Widely used are blogs, podcasts, prediction markets, wikis, and information tagging and social networks. New technologies should be adopted to run these applications as the world continues to evolve. The companies must understand the potential of the staff in the management of the project using technological means. Finally, the business must innovate in technological measures that can allow the company to offer optimum security measures. The use of web 2.0 often attracts criminals who can derail the business. Therefore, technology in security comes on forefront in the management of the web 2.0 technology. References Khan, Zaheer, Ludlow, David, McClatchey, Richard, & Anjum, Ashiq. (2012). An architecture for integrated intelligence in urban management using cloud computing. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.KI Voigt, & M Ernst. (2011). Use of Web 2.0 applications in product development: an empirical study of the potential for knowledge creation and exchange in research and development. (International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology; Vol 2, No 9 (2010).) MultiCraft Limited. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (January 01, 2013). Ensuring the Global Participation in the Internet Economy for Development.Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley. (2003). The Role of Information Systems and Technology in Case Management: a case study in health and welfare insurance. (Australasian Journal of Information Systems; Vol 10, No 2 (2003).) Australasian Association for Information Systems. Source document