Free Essays on Importance Of Globalization

The Importance of Globalization This report is about Globalization. Globalization can be very prosperous for a country or it could ravage a country’s economic currency. Malaysia’s Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, used the World Bank meeting in Hong Kong to speak out against the evils of Globalization, after Mahathir’s stock and currency were scourged by global and local investors. Dr. Mahathir’s economic stock and currency were ravaged because he did not use his money wisely. He was over borrowing and over building. He built the two largest office buildings in the world, but he lost money from that because there was nobody to rent the space. The KLCI, the Dow Jones of Malaysia, fell forty eight percent in 1997! When U.S. Secretary of Treasury Robert Ruben was talking to Mahathir he referred to Globalization as an electronic herd. â€Å" The electronic herd is often an anonymous stock, bond, currency traders, and multinational investors connected by screens and networks. The herd knows whom it rules. But the rules of the herd are pretty consistent. They are the rules of the golden strait jacket,† said Mr. Ruben. The electronic herd is made up of two groups, the â€Å" short horn cattle † and the â€Å" long horn cattle. † The short horn cattle are all the people who buy stock and sell stock, have bonds and currencies around the world, and who move their money around on a very short - term basis. This includes Merrill Lynch and anyone who has a P.C. and a modem who can trade on line all over the world. The long horn cattle are multinational companies like General Electrics, the IBM’s, and there are many more. Supermarkets have now replaced Superpowers as mega markets. The mega markets are Tokyo, Frankfurt, Sydney, Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Bombay, Sao Paulo, Paris, Zurich, Chicago, London, and New York City. By 1997 twenty–five supermarkets controlled eighty – three percent of t... Free Essays on Importance Of Globalization Free Essays on Importance Of Globalization The Importance of Globalization This report is about Globalization. Globalization can be very prosperous for a country or it could ravage a country’s economic currency. Malaysia’s Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, used the World Bank meeting in Hong Kong to speak out against the evils of Globalization, after Mahathir’s stock and currency were scourged by global and local investors. Dr. Mahathir’s economic stock and currency were ravaged because he did not use his money wisely. He was over borrowing and over building. He built the two largest office buildings in the world, but he lost money from that because there was nobody to rent the space. The KLCI, the Dow Jones of Malaysia, fell forty eight percent in 1997! When U.S. Secretary of Treasury Robert Ruben was talking to Mahathir he referred to Globalization as an electronic herd. â€Å" The electronic herd is often an anonymous stock, bond, currency traders, and multinational investors connected by screens and networks. The herd knows whom it rules. But the rules of the herd are pretty consistent. They are the rules of the golden strait jacket,† said Mr. Ruben. The electronic herd is made up of two groups, the â€Å" short horn cattle † and the â€Å" long horn cattle. † The short horn cattle are all the people who buy stock and sell stock, have bonds and currencies around the world, and who move their money around on a very short - term basis. This includes Merrill Lynch and anyone who has a P.C. and a modem who can trade on line all over the world. The long horn cattle are multinational companies like General Electrics, the IBM’s, and there are many more. Supermarkets have now replaced Superpowers as mega markets. The mega markets are Tokyo, Frankfurt, Sydney, Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Bombay, Sao Paulo, Paris, Zurich, Chicago, London, and New York City. By 1997 twenty–five supermarkets controlled eighty – three percent of t...

Definition and Examples of Echo Words in English

Definition and Examples of Echo Words in English In linguistics and composition, the term echo word has more than one meaning: An echo word is a word or phrase (such as buzz and cock a doodle doo) that imitates the sound associated with the object or action it refers to: an onomatope. Also called an echoic word.  An echo word is a word or phrase (such as shilly shally and click and clack) that contains two identical or very similar parts: a reduplicative.An echo word is a word or phrase that recurs in a sentence or paragraph. Examples and Observations Sound alone is the basis of a limited number of words, called echoic or onomatopoeic, like bang, burp, splash, tinkle, bobwhite, and cuckoo. Words that are actually imitative of sound, like meow, bowwow, and vroomthough these differ from language to languagecan be distinguished from those like bump and flick, which are called symbolic. Symbolic words regularly come in sets that rhyme (bump, lump, clump, hump) or alliterate (flick, flash, flip, flop) and derive their symbolic meaning at least in part from other members of their sound-alike sets. Both imitative and symbolic words frequently show doubling, sometimes with slight variation, as in bowwow, choo-choo, and peewee.(John Algeo and Thomas Pyles, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005) Repetitions help to echo keywords, to emphasize important ideas or main points, to unify sentences, or to develop  coherence  among sentences. Skillful repetitions of important words or phrases create echoes in the readers mind: they emphasize and point out key ideas. You can use these  echo words  in different sentenceseven in different paragraphsto help hook your ideas together...[E]cho words may  come  any place in the sentence: with the subjects or the verbs, with the objects or the complements, with prepositions or other  parts of speech. You need not always repeat the word exactly; think of other forms the word may take, such as  freak, freakiness, freakishness  (nouns),  freaking  (participle),  freaky  and  freakish  (adjectives), and  freakishly  and  freakily  (adverbs). (Ann Longknife and K. D. Sullivan,  The Art of Styling Sentences, 4th ed. Barrons, 2002) Echo-Pairs   Echo-words are  crucially different from straight reduplicated words in that they have rules sensitive to the reduplicated configuration, detaching melodic elements from the affixal skeleton and replacing them with an invariant onset (McCarthy and Prince 1986, 86). This accounts for the ban on auto-reduplication of echo-words themselves.  Yiddishized English shm-initial words undergoing echo-pairing (such as shmaltz) have to be echo-paired with something else (usuall shp-: shpaltz) or else with nothing (no echo-pair can be formed), but certainly not with a direct repeat (**shmaltz-shmaltz is disallowed). ( Mark R. V. Southern,  Contagious Couplings: Transmission of Expressives in Yiddish Echo Phrases. Praeger, 2005)

Mitochondrial Disease, Parkinsons Research Paper

Mitochondrial Disease, Parkinsons - Research Paper Example [Betelham et al 2007] Mitochondria are large organelles about 1 to 2 micrometer in diameter, upto 2000 of which are present in eukaryotic cells and constitute upto 25% of the cellular volume. The outer membrane enclosing the mitochondria is smooth, while the inner membrane is thrown into a series of folds known as the cristae. The space between the two membranes is called the intermembrane space. Both the structure and the quantity of mitochondria in different tissues can differ greatly depending upon the metabolic needs of the tissue. [Koolman et al 2005] Mitochondria play several vital roles in the normal functioning of the cell. Their most important role is in the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. They also serve as reservoirs of calcium within the cells and play a vital role in inducing apoptosis. . [Koolman et al 2005] The vast range of mitochondrial functions are associated with a range of mitochondrial enzymes. "Pyruvate dehydrogenase, the TCA cycle, beta hydroxylation of fatty acids and parts of the urea cycle are located in the matrix. The respiratory chain, ATP synthesis and parts of the heme synthesis pathway are associated with the inner membrane." [Koolman et al 2005, pg 210] One of the unique features of the mitochondria is that they are a self replicating organelle and can replicate independent of the parent cell. The mitochondrial genome is composed of 37 genes. Of these, "24 specify a mature RNA product, 22 molecular tRNA molecules and 2 molecular rRNA molecules. the remaining 13 genes encode polypeptides that are synthesized on the mitochondrial ribosomes [Strachan and Read 2004, pg 243]. Unlike nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA is very compact, lacking exons. For this reason any coding error in the mitochondrial DNA is far more likely to be transmitted to successive generations of the cell. However, because of the large number of mitochondria, the overall effect of such a mutation remains small unless transmitted in a gamete to the next generation. Mitochondrial DNA is exclusively maternal in origin being inherited from the egg, not the sperm. Thus the descendents of males affected by mitochondrial diseases are safe from inheriting the disease. The di seases can however affect men and women equally. [Passarge 2006] Some common mitochondrial diseases include: Lebers optic atrophy MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes) Kearns- Sayres syndrome Some familial types of diabetes mellitus Some forms of progressive nerve deafness and antibiotic associated deafness MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres) Pearson syndrome [Naviaux 2008] Parkinsons disease is a degenerative disorder affecting the basal ganglia. It causes degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to decreased inhibition of the subthalamic nuclei and more active inhibition of the cortex. Its is characterized clinically by a triad of bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity. The exact cause for the development of parkinsonism has so far remained elusive. A syndrome very similar to parkinsonism is seen to develop in individuals who abuse methyl-phenyl tetra hydropyridine. This lends support to the theory that environmental factors are responsible for the causation of the disease. The current belief is that genetic and environmental factors both have a role to play. There are no diagnostic tests, and the condition is

Assignment for Business Economics and Finance Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For Business Economics and Finance - Assignment Example 4). There are of course several accounting specialties and each of them is important in their own characteristics (Bonner et al. 2006). 2. Case of Halfords A. Identify the main accounting books that can be used by Halfords to records transactions. Halfords is a company that buys and sells bicycles. The main financial statements that can be used by organizations to record is financial condition, especially business organizations are the balance sheet, income statement, and the statement of cash flows (Stice et al. 2004). The balance sheet â€Å"reports, as of a certain point in time, the resources of a company (the assets), the obligations (the liabilities), and the net differences between its assets and liabilities, which represents the equity of its owners† (Stice et al. 2004, p. 10). The balance sheet addresses two fundaments information: what it owns and what it owes (Stice et al. 2004). The income statement â€Å"reports, for a certain interval, the net assets generated t hrough business operations (revenues), the net assets consumed (expenses) and the difference, which is called net income† (Stice et al. 2004, p. 10). ... 2004, p. 11). Stice et al. (2004, p. 11) pointed out that the â€Å"statement of cash flows is the most objective of the financial statements because it is somewhat insulated from the accounting estimates and judgment needed to prepare a balance sheet and an income statement.† Meanwhile, â€Å"accounting statements and judgments are outline in the notes to the financial statements† (Stice et al. 2004, p. 11). â€Å"The notes contain supplemental information as well as information about items not included in the financial statements† (Stice et al. 2004, p. 11). Stice et al. (2004, p. 11) pointed out that â€Å"each financial statement routinely carries the following warning at the bottom of the statements: ‘The notes to the financial statements are integral part of this statement.† B. Describe the usual transactions recorded by this company The usual transactions recorded by a company engaged in buying and selling a merchandise like in the buying and selling of bicycles in which Halfords is engaged cover buying the merchandise to sell, maintaining and monitoring the inventory of the merchandise, recording assets and liabilities, recording sales and revenues, payments for overheads like the rent for the store space and the city services involved, and payment of taxes. 3. In a press release, Halfords explained that its income statement for 2011 will show a loss. A. What is the meaning of this loss? Statements of loss are determined by the assumptions adopted in the financial statement. It is important to stress that losses are profit are based on the firm of operations as recorded by the accountants serving the firm. For instance, it may happen that the Halfords would be reflecting a loss but because the bicycles that are sold were purchased from a manufacturing firm

Despite Proctors Essay Example for Free

Despite Proctors Essay Another character introduced in Act two is Mary Warren. She is extremely important to the Act as she is what makes the connection between village life and the sentencing that is happening at the courts, and with the proctor household. She is the one who tells us that there have been thirty-nine arrests. When she first arrives in Act two we find that she has defied the orders of John and Elizabeth by going to the court. When told that she must not return she rebels using the excuse I am an official of the court. This is a fine example of how the hysteria of witchcraft has affected the everyday life in the community of Salem. Mary is a servant within the proctor household; she is paid nine pounds a year to keep the house. She is not in a position to rebel against the word of Elizabeth or John, and under normal circumstances would not do so. We know that this is peculiar behaviour because of Elizabeths reply to Proctor, when asked why she had let Mary go to the court. Elizabeth says She frightened all my strength away I forbid her to go, and she raises up her chin like the daughter of a prince and says to me, I must go to Salem, Goody Proctor. It is clear to us now just how much the affair between Proctor and Abigail influences the current events and the events that are to follow. Mary also plays another role within Act two; she portrays to us the amount of hate that Abigail holds for Elizabeth. When she reveals that she saved the life of Elizabeth in court, as her name had been mentioned among the accused. I saved her life today. She refuses to say by whom, I am bound by law, I cannot tell but it is obvious to the reader and to Elizabeth that Abigail Williams is the accuser. This shows Abigails malicious hate as by accusing Elizabeth she is striving towards an eventual execution. Elizabeth who is a smart woman anticipates this intense hate long before she discovers she has been accused and she says to John referring to Abigail and thinks to kill me, then to take my place. Another reason that proves Marys importance to Act two is that she illustrates to us the extremity of power that Abigail and the girls have. Throughout Act two Marys speech and stage directions imply a weak and feeble character. With a trembling decaying voice she has been edging towards offstage. It is apparent that she is constantly subject to the bullying of Proctor and that she gives into his bullying one hundred percent of the time. Yet in the last few pages of Act Two, Proctor, using violence is trying to persuade Mary to testify in court against Abigail to save his wife. Despite Proctors violent advances grasping her by the throat as though he would strangle her Mary sobs I cannot, I cannot. This shows Marys new changed belief that Abigail and the girls are more powerful and fearful than the man she has worked for and feared for so long. This event also marks the start of the loss of power John Proctor suffers from throughout the rest of the play. The Crucible plays host to many themes. The theme of tyranny (when a situation or person controls how you are able to live in an unfair way) is shown mainly by Abigails power over the girls, and their power over the people of Salem. By confessing to witchcraft, and publicly announcing their sudden devotion to God, and desperation to do his will, they give themselves great power over society. Abigails word becomes unassailable as does the word of the other girls. With this power they were able to control the rest of the Salem by fear. Another way in which Tyranny is shown is Proctors initial control over Mary. As she enters the scene she is greeted by Proctor with the words Ill whip you if you dare leave this house again. Mary is undoubtedly afraid of Proctor as he appears an extremely violent man to her. At the end of the Act Proctor uses violence yet again to get his own way, we know from Act three that she eventually does go to the court and testify. Another theme that is apparent in Arthur Millers The Crucible is fear. Every character in The Crucible is subjected to fear at some point within the story line, not just those who are accused. Those who are not accused fear that the sins of their friends and associates may taint their names and cause them to be found guilty of witchcraft: A key example of this is Parriss fear that the actions of Abigail and the rumours of witchcraft that surround his daughters coma will cost him his title as reverend. Those who are accused must face the fear, of being hung, they must also decide whether their fear of being hung, is greater than their fear of breaking one of the Ten Commandments by lying to save themselves. The different characters show their fear in various ways; the most interesting would be Proctor, whose fear is not for himself but for his wife. This differs from the fear of Francis Nurse and Giles Corey whos wives are also accused, as Proctor is having to balance the fear of the death of his wife, with the fear, or more the realisation that the death of his wife could be on his hands as she stands accused because of the malicious jealousy aroused within in Abigail when he finished their affair. He is also under pressure as he knows that he can put a stop to the girls accusations and save his wife by blackening his own name and admitting his lechery with Abigail. Proctor expresses this pressure with his line to Mary, My wife will never die for me! I will bring your guts into your mouth but that goodness will not die for me! Another character subject to fear is the wife of John Proctor, Elizabeth. Elizabeth fears for her relation with John. Though they love each other very much their relationship has been scarred by the affair between Abigail and Proctor. She like Mary is also frightened of the power that Abigail possesses. As she knows that it is enough to condemn her to death. When she is taken by Cheever and Herrick we know she is scared as John says to her Fear nothing Elizabeth. and her next line is said (as indicated by stage direction) with great fear. Another character who is apparent to fear is Mary. From the moment she enters the scene she is subject to fear. First the fear of John as he violently questions her and makes to whip her Ill whip the devil out of you. Next the fear of incriminating herself or Elizabeth when Cheever and Herrick turn up at the house and she is called downstairs for questioning, and finally when she is once again being bullied by proctor to testify in court: here she is not only scared of Proctor but of what the girls and Abigail will do if she does turn on them. (in terror): I cannot, theyll turn on me

Acanthaster planci on the Great Barrier Reef Essay examples -- Crown o

Acanthaster planci on the Great Barrier Reef The organism Acanthaster planci, commonly known as the crown of thorns starfish, has a drastic effect on the health of coral reefs all over the world, including the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. This poisonous echinoderm feeds upon the coral, and although this should be a healthy and natural part of the ecosystem, the population explosions of the starfish have caused devastation in many portions of the Great Barrier Reef. Reef sections take anywhere from ten to fifteen years to recover, and some never recover completely with the same species distribution. The starfish outbreaks seem to travel southward down the reef with the two primary outbreaks reported in the last 40 years both beginning around Green Island and ending between Cairns and Townsville. The cause of these outbreaks is still unknown. They may be natural phenomena occurring throughout history, or they may be caused by human influences. The most effective control method currently is the injecting of sodium bisulfate in to the starfish which kills the organism in a matter of days. However, this method is costly and is not a permanent solution to the problem. The Cooperative Research Centre for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and the Australia Institute of Marine Science Research are conducting various research projects looking for environmentally sound and economically practical methods of controlling Acanthaster planci populations. Introduction Acanthaster planci, commonly known as the crown-of-thorns starfish, is an echinoderm that has attracted much attention and has been the focus of much research over the past few decades. Although the starfish has interesting physic... ...vestigations: Form, Function, Diversity, and Process Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Head, M.J., Henderson,R.A., Jull, A.J., and Walbran, P.D. 1989. Evidence from sediments of long-term Acanthaster planci predation on corals of the Great Barrier Reef. Science 245: 847-50. Keats, Derek W. 2001. Introduction to Coralline Algae. . Accessed March 2003. Moran, Peter. 1988 and 1997. Crown-of-Thorns Starfish Questions and Answers. Australian Institute of Marine Science. . Accessed March 2003. Reichelt, R. E. 1990. Dispersal and control models of Acanthaster planci populations on the Great Barrier Reef. In Lecture Notes in Biomathematics: Acanthaster and the Coral Reef, ed. R. H. Bradbury, pp. 6-16. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

Fiat Chrysler Essay

1. According to a major economics consulting firms, Fiat`s  ¨South American operations are the jewel in the Italian company`s global operations ¨. Fiat has plants in Brazil and Argentina, and Brazil is the biggest market, well ahead of its home-country market. In 2011, with the Chrysler venture taking up more and more of the firm`s attention – and as European sales suffered a steep decline – rumors began to circulate that Marchionne might move Fiat headquarters from Italy to the United States. Discuss Fiat ´s takeover of Chrysler as part of strategy to transform itself from international business into a multinational or global business 2. What benefit does fiat hope to gain from its arrangement with Chrysler what potential drawback does it face? Judging from your analysis of benefits and drawbacks, explain why the Fiat-Chrysler arrangement might be characterized as strategic alliance? In what sense is it best characterized as a direct investment? 3. What challenges in the US cultural environment do you expect Fiat to face as it uses its Chrysler connection to compete in the American car market? What management challenges will Marchionne face in the areas of planning and decision making, organizing and leading? Before their merger, Fiat and Chrysler were two comparatively small regional companies overly reliant on just three auto markets—the U.S., Italy and Brazil. Through the first nine months of 2013, nearly 85% of the Fiat’s automotive revenue came from North America, Latin America and Europe. About two-third of its profit before interest and taxes came from North America, according to data on the company’s website. In the U.S., Chrysler, though profitable, still suffers from the drought of research and development spending in recent years—a gap acutely visible in midsize sedans. Chrysler faces significant investments to keep pace with rising U.S. government fuel efficiency standards. Chrysler-Fiat ranked last among 11 auto makers in a U.S. government scorecard of average fuel efficiency published in October. In Europe, Fiat faces some of the biggest challenges of any mass-market manufacturer. â€Å"Fiat’s European business is the most structurally challenged in the region,† said George Galliers, an  analyst at London-based broker International Strategy & Investment Group Fiat’s European market share has dwindled to 6.2% in the first 11 months of 2013 from 8.8% in 2009, according to the latest data. In November, Fiat sold fewer cars in Europe than it did in Brazil, and that South America market is now vulnerable amid worries over the sustainability of its economic growth. Fiat and Chrysler also are working on new vehicle architectures, aiming to produce more models from fewer underlying sets of platforms. Analysts say it will be important for the vehicles to suit different markets without substantial and costly revisions. Another part of the Fiat-Chrysler strategy is to use Chrysler’s U.S. factories to build Fiat models and vice versa, helping to better distribute production and help fill Fiat’s half empty Italian factories. The first fruits of the integration are on display here, and promise to help Mr. Marchionne achieve his long-term goal of increasing global sales of the two companies to six million vehicles by 2014. Together, Fiat and Chrysler sold about 4.2 million cars and trucks last year. The marriage of an all-American Jeep with the Italian luxury heritage of a Maserati is the best evidence yet that Chrysler and Fiat can create products together that they could not afford to make independently, Ever since Fiat took control of Chrysler, Mr. Marchionne has said he planned to leverage the strengths of both companies and operate them as co-equals. â€Å"Daimler could never figure out what to do with Chrysler because they had no interest in integrating it into their business,† Mr. Hall said. â€Å"But Fiat actually believes it needs Chrysler for mass purchasing of parts.† The strategies used by the multinational enterprises are extremely diverse. Our purpose in this paper is not to explore their multitude, but to have a better picture of the most successful strategies employed by large multinationals, analyze their strengths and weaknesses and derive the main factors that create a difference. We found innovation, cost reduction and market conditions as key elements supporting a successful internal strategy and strategic alliance and diversification to be among the most widely applied strategies for a foreign market penetration and development, while fusions and licenses were the least preferred. Conclusion: Lots and lots of question marks. It all depends on how it goes. If Fiat can pacify Chrysler, if the integration of Fiat-Chrysler works, if Americans really buy smaller-engine cars, if the new platforms prove successful, if they keep their position in Brazil and manage to break into Russia and China, if Europe recovers. However, there are good, solid reasons for hope of a better future. Dark clouds abound, but here and there, there are rays of sunshine. They are well-positioned in some key markets. They’ve established a foothold in North America. They have a big presence and are a player in markets all over the world (except Asia). The cars are more reliable than ever before, yet still manage to be engaging and more fun than some of the competition and most owners are satisfied. Their new engines are renowned and studied and copied by other makers as they really do point a way into an ever more frugal future. However, do they have the capacity to overcome the difficulties? You can be an optimist or a pessimist, but the reality is†¦ Only time will tell. What Does Chrysler Get? Fiat will share with Chrysler its platforms and powertrain technology, including engines, transmissions, and fuel-saving tech. Today’s announcement specifically mentions city and compact vehicles, products Chrysler will need should American consumers actually decide to buy the small, fuel-efficient cars U.S. lawmakers claim they want. Chrysler will also get better distribution of its products, certainly in Europe, but also in places such as India—Fiat has a partnership with Tata Motors—and Brazil. Fiat also has a deal with Chery, the Chinese automaker with which Chrysler had been trying to partner. Both Chrysler and Fiat will also be able to better leverage their global supplier ties and therefore see cost savings in larger volume. What’s in it for Fiat? For Fiat, the reward is simple: distribution channels. Currently, Fiat only sells Maserati and Ferrari in the U.S., although Alfa’s gorgeous 8C has been sold here in extremely limited numbers, as well. If Fiat wants to become a truly global entity, a foothold in North America would be most helpful. Alfa Romeo has been promising a proper return to the U.S. market for some time, and Chrysler’s distribution network could ease that brand’s return to our shores—perhaps even saving some Chrysler dealers from closing altogether—and could also serve as a point of sale for potential Fiat and Lancia imports, too. Fiat will also likely be able to use excess global production capacity to assemble Chrysler-badged variants of its products. With worldwide auto sales slowing, that would help Fiat to continue manufacturing at pre-slowdown levels; Chrysler could potentially build Fiats in its plants, as well. A wrench in the works: Chrysler is still in a partnership with Nissan. One product of that hook-up is expected to be a Versa-based small car, possibly based on the Dodge Hornet concept. (That car was also rumored to have sprung from the potential Chrysler/Chery partnership.) We wonder how this new Italian-American deal might affect those already in place with Nissan, which include rebadging the new-for-2009 Dodge Ram as the replacement for the Titan. It’s All About Synergies—and Other Buzzwords Despite Fiat being on the financial ropes itself only a few years ago, Italy’s last remaining large car company has come fighting back like Rocky Balboa thanks in part to a $2-billion alimony payment from its annulled marriage with General Motors. Chrysler could do a lot worse when it comes to picking a dance partner for 21st century survival. Speculating further, here’s how a few Fiat products could make an impact. A caveat: most of Fiat’s vehicles weren’t designed with U.S. crash and emissions standards in mind (the 500 being an exception), so it’s possible that we’ll have to wait at least until the next generation of each of these cars arrives before they could be sold here. Fiat Grande Punto: It wouldn’t be much of an exaggeration to say that the Grande Punto is the car that saved Fiat. At the time of its introduction back in 2005, the Italian auto giant was staggering after years of neglecting the small-car market, a segment which had made it such a powerhouse from the 1950s through the ‘70s. Handsome, well-built, and economical, the Grande Punto surprised the automotive world by being, well, so unlike the rust-prone wheezeboxes Fiat had peddled to European consumers for the previous two decades. Maybe it didn’t single-handedly save Fiat, but had the Grande Punto flopped, it could have destroyed the company. Sized to compete with cars like the new Ford Focus and Honda Civic, this small Fiat would look nice rebadged as a Chrysler. Its range of economical  gasoline-fired engines (from a feeble but fuel-sipping 64-hp, 1.2-liter four-banger to the tire-smoking, 178-hp four found in the sporty Abarth SS model) could earn Chrysler green-car cred, props from the sport-compact crowd, and a valuable slice of the small-car market. So far, Fiat’s efforts to sell its European models in the U.S. and Chrysler’s American-designed sedans and Jeeps in Europe have produced lackluster results. Before their merger, Fiat and Chrysler were two comparatively small regional companies overly reliant on just three auto markets—the U.S., Italy and Brazil. Multinational, Global, International, and Transnational Companies Because international business is a relatively new discipline and is extremely dynamic, you will find that the definitions of a number of terms vary among users. For example, some people use the words world and global interchangeably with multinational to describe a business with widespread international operations, but others define a global firm as one that attempts to standardize operations in all functional areas but that responds to national market differences when necessary. According to this definition, a global firm’s management 1. Searches the world for (a) market opportunities, (b) threats from competitors, (c) sources of products, raw materials, and financing, and (d) personnel. In other words, it has global vision. 2. Seeks to maintain a presence in key markets. 3. Looks for similarities, not differences, among markets. Those who use global in this manner are defining a multinational company as a kind of holding company with a number of overseas operations, each of which is left to adapt its products and marketing strategy to what local managers perceive to be unique aspects of their individual markets. Some academic writers suggest using terms such as multidomestic and multilocal as synonyms for this definition of multinational. You will also find those who consider multinational corporation to be synonymous with multinational enterprise and transnational corporation Marchionne made it clear that if FIAT was to survive the global crisis, it had to become a global player, and more particularly one of the six world-class manufacturers capable of producing and selling six million vehicles per year. For this reason, a profound reorganization of internal governance and productive processes was needed, along with a strategic alliance with other car manufacturers around the world. The implication of this strategy was that FIAT could no longer tie its own interests with those of its home country, unless all the players involved (employees, trade unions, the Government and the employers’ association itself) were prepared to comply with the company’s requirements. Thus, in the public discourse of the CEO, the exit option, i.e. the scenario of FIAT moving its plants to sites with lower labour costs in Eastern Europe or elsewhere, became feasible.3 The joint venture with the US manufacturer Chrysler in 2009, which, after the acquisition of a majority share by FIAT, should be considered to be a merger, marks the achievement of the status of global player by the company (hereinafter, FIAT-Chrysler, or the Group).

Mcculloch V. Maryland Brief

McCulloch v. Maryland Brief Fact Summary. The state of Maryland enacted a tax that would force the United States Bank in Maryland to pay taxes to the state. McCulloch, a cashier for the Baltimore, Maryland Bank, was sued for not complying with the Maryland state tax. Synopsis of Rule of Law. Congress may enact laws that are necessary and proper to carry out their enumerated powers. The United States Constitution (Constitution) is the supreme law of the land and state laws cannot interfere with federal laws enacted within the scope of the Constitution. Facts.Congress chartered the Second Bank of the United States. Branches were established in many states, including one in Baltimore, Maryland. In response, the Maryland legislature adopted an Act imposing a tax on all banks in the state not chartered by the state legislature. James McCulloch, a cashier for the Baltimore branch of the United States Bank, was sued for violating this Act. McCulloch admitted he was not complying with the Ma ryland law. McCulloch lost in the Baltimore County Court and that court’s decision was affirmed by the Maryland Court of Appeals.The case was then taken by writ of error to the United States Supreme Court (Supreme Court). Issue. Does Congress have the authority to establish a Bank of the United States under the Constitution? Held. Yes. Judgment reversed. Counsel for the state of Maryland claimed that because the Constitution was enacted by the independent states, it should be exercised in subordination to the states. However, the states ratified the Constitution by a two-thirds vote of their citizens, not by a decision of the state legislature.Therefore, although limited in its powers, the Constitution is supreme over the laws of the states. There is no enumerated power within the Constitution allowing for the creation of a bank. But, Congress is granted the power of making â€Å"all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers. à ¢â‚¬  The Supreme Court determines through Constitutional construction that â€Å"necessary† is not a limitation, but rather applies to any means with a legitimate end within the scope of the Constitution.Because the Constitution is supreme over state laws, the states cannot apply taxes, which would in effect destroy federal legislative law. Therefore, Maryland’s state tax on the United States Bank is unconstitutional. Discussion. This Supreme Court decision establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the land, taking precedent over any state law incongruent with it. McCulloch v. Maryland Term: †¢1792-1850 o1819 Location: Maryland State House Facts of the CaseIn 1816, Congress chartered The Second Bank of the United States. In 1818, the state of Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on the bank. James W. McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax. Question The case presented two questions: Did Congress have the authority to establish the bank? Did the Maryland law unconstitutionally interfere with congressional powers? Conclusion Decision: 7 votes for McCulloch, 0 vote(s) against Legal provision: US Const.Art 1, Section 8 Clauses 1 and 18 In a unanimous decision, the Court held that Congress had the power to incorporate the bank and that Maryland could not tax instruments of the national government employed in the execution of constitutional powers. Writing for the Court, Chief Justice Marshall noted that Congress possessed unenumerated powers not explicitly outlined in the Constitution. Marshall also held that while the states retained the power of taxation, â€Å"the constitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof are supreme. . . they control the constitution and laws of the respective states, and cannot be controlled by them. â€Å"

Effect of Domestic Violence on Children

Effect of Domestic Violence on Children Introduction Family violence is a term that can be used to describe the various forms of violence that happen with a family set up. A family is a sociological unit which includes parents and children. The most common types of violence within the family are wife abuse and child abuse. Violence in this sense may include slaps, pushes, sexual abuse, battering, and use of abusive words (Gelles Lancaster, 1987).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Effect of Domestic Violence on Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Children in single parent families are at more risk of abuse more so sexual abuse than their counterparts in two parents’ families. It is assumed that children from single parents are at lower risks of sexual abuse because they lack male figures in their environment but this is not usually the case. In most cases of the single parents neglects their children and leave them at the mercy of the society. They get exposed to a large number of male figures who ends ups abusing them. Child abuse is an excessive violation of child right which may be physical, psychological or even emotional, that may have an immediate or a long term effect on the life of a child. It may happen in the family setting, day care centers, and schools or in the society generally. Though there is a common accepted agreement that some violence can be legitimized, under the name ‘necessary punishment’ with the aim of disciplining the child, the level of punishment cannot be scientifically quantified (Sherman 2006) . This paper examines from a broader perspective the recent forms of child violence as reported in the local and international media houses. Forms of Child Abuse Physical Parents, day care centers, house girls ,teachers and the society have for long been punishing children by inflicting pain, especially when the child has done what is believed to be wrong. This is done with the aim of en suring that the child is disciplined and is meant as a legitimate punishment. However, the punishment is often excessive and thus an abuse. What is not excessive is subject to debate. Psychological A family and society at large is an element of peace and comfort, what we do, what we talk, the environment that we live in creates a picture in a child’s mind that affects the mental stability of the child. It should be noted that a child’s mind is constantly learning and the surrounding of the child have a far reaching effect. In incidences of rape, the child is psychologically affected in its life time especially if counseling support is not given effectively (Loseke, 2006). Emotional Children learn mainly through interaction with other children through playing their various social games. This is a very important exercise in a child’s life but many parents worldwide have denied their children this important socialization process, it may be direct, where childre n are locked in the house or strictly forbidden from going outside.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Others restrict their child on the children they are expected to play with. On the indirect perspective parents line up numerous duties to be performed by the child either homework or a never ending tuition, all this geared to deny a child free time (Loseke, 1992). Media-child Violence Children between the ages of zero and six year are continuously learning and developing socially and emotionally. For an appropriate development, a child needs love and care from both parents. In the case of families experiencing domestic violence, the social and emotional development of children brought put in such families is affected negatively. Psychological wellness of the child is affected at early age and later in life. Children are socialized by what they hears, what it sees other peop le do, the environment around the child the environments and so forth. The child is constantly learning the behaviour that will further be reflected in the teenage. When a child is exposed to violence behaviour, he/she is more likely to take them positive and later in life at adolescence or a grown up finds itself violent because of what he saw. Technological improvement has brought different method of information dispensing as well socialization mediums, they are both electronic and print media that a child or teenager has access to. One of the most notable information dispensers is television sets and radio; the technological devises airs both national and international news, TVs can be used to play visual and audio videos. With the increase in media freedom, the media has brought a number of issues that have influenced on the life of a people, they have sometimes aired programs, and music and news that can reign force the vice of violence in children and teenagers. The people of the area uphold culture; it is transmitted to new entrants into the society; the culture covers in areas of language used by the people, the way they do thing, religion that they practice, structure, identity, norms, belief and values thy hold. there are some cultures that reinforce violence in their countries, for example among the Muslims, there is holy war culture, in case such information is aired through television, someone who does not understand the underlying principle is likely to think that violence pays. Children and teenagers are spending more times with television sets than they are spending with other people because of the busy schedule of the people. How someone behaves is influence by the exposure that he has. TVs are offering an exposure that is changing increasing chances of violence among children and teenagers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Effect of Domestic Violence on Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Theories have been developed to explain why child abuse is still prevalent in many societies. Psychologically, child abuse may be caused by the qualities that the abusers were oriented to since their childhood. It has been observed that parents who have grown up in families where they were abused as children ended up abusing their own children. Another theory that tries to explain the cause of child abuse is the theory of attachment. The first five years from birth forms the crucial period when the child benefits from the mother from psychological security and physical protection. If a child gets detached from the mother during this crucial period, he may suffer from sociological and psychological problems during his/her latter years. It has been found that most of the children who were not able get parental love at their early stages have resulted in abusing their own children (Lawrence, 2004). Another cause of child abuse is addiction to alcohol. Most of the fa thers, who abuse their children sexually, do it under the influence of alcohol. Nevertheless we can not wholly blame alcohol as the cause of child abuse because some parents abuse alcohol to help them do some of the activities (such as child abuse) that they could not perform under their sober mind. Sociology explains that, most behavior traits are acquired through learning from the surrounding environment. Individuals who have been brought up in environments with violent behaviors either among siblings, parents or the society at large may end up practicing it on their children as a way of instilling discipline on them (Randall ,Bellack Michel, 2009 ). Child abuse is a problem that is affecting many societies. Most of our children have been neglected and this has contributed to the increase in child abuse. There is need to protect these children from both violence and negligence. It is the work of the adults to open they eyes and ears and ensure that child abuse comes to an end. Pro per authorities should be contacted in cases where one notices children being abused either in the form of battering, sexual abuse or denial of food. The society is one of the agents of socialization and if we do not take the responsibilities of looking at the children as our own, then it will be every difficult to curb the vice. More awareness should be provided to the public through the media, newspapers or open meetings with the discussions on child abuse. Children are innocent beings and need not to suffer under any circumstances. These children are the future generation and if they are abused today, the generation of tomorrow is affected. The media has for long being a whistle Brower in many instances of child abuse. We will interpolate some of the incidences that have been highlighted by the media in the United States of America (Geffner Hughes, 1988).Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cases reported by the media There are some reports that have been reported, on August 14, 2007 in New York news daily, a child was said to have been killed by the mother when he was in a life supporting unit. This is not the first time for such in incidences to have happened. As the case has always been the names of the culprits were withheld and not much information later followed about the proceeds of the case. On May 31, 2005, in New York news daily, reported of a child who had been beaten by the father for the reason that he had failed the exams. These are cases that are many in the country but the government is not doing anything to the culprits. The media reported but as usual no names were mentioned. As much as the culprit is innocent before proved otherwise the media has reliable information that it can give to the authorities and assist in prosecuting the culprits. Observations People all over the world have different views on whether a child should be punished or not. Ther e are those who see the media overstepping its mandate when it reports incidences of child abuse. There is also the media regulation that may limit the extent to which the media reports these incidences. One of the ways that the media regulation protects the media from doing is revealing the names of the child abuser. These keep protecting the one who committed the crime. The reporting should be done, and it is important to respect the privacy of the child involved, however there should be well raid measures to ensure that the culprit is punished according to the law of the concerned country. If this is attained then the public will be more willing to report these incidences (Frost Nick Child Welfare, 2005).The believes that the privacy of the child will be protected and the culprit punished. The media has the role to educate the public and ensure that the Conclusion A Zambian proverb says-â€Å"to protect a child is to protect the world†. This emphasizes the need to protect the child for continuity, it is everyone’s responsibility. Governments should also put in place measures to ensure children’s rights are protected. References Frost Nick Child Welfare. (2005). Child abuse and child protection Major themes in health and social welfare Volume 2 of Child Welfare: Major Themes in Health and Social Welfare. London: Taylor Francis Gelles, J. Lancaster, J. B. (1987). Child abuse and neglect: biosocial dimensions Foundations of human behavior. Aldine Transaction Geffner, R. R., Hughes, H. (1988). Research issues concerning Family violence. New York: Wiley. Lawrence, A. (2004). Principles of child protection: management and practice. McGraw-Hill International. Loseke R. D. (2006). The battered woman and shelters: The social construction of wife abuse. New York: State University of New York Press Randall. L. M. ,Bellack, A. Michel H. (2009).Handbook of family violence. New York: Plenum. Sherman, W. (2006). Policing domestic violence: Experime nts and dilemmas. New York: Free Press

Functional Skills for Special Education Students

Functional Skills for Special Education Students Functional skills are those skills a student needs to live independently. An important goal of special education is for our students to gain as much independence and autonomy as possible, whether their disability is emotional, intellectual, physical, or a combination of two or more (multiple) disabilities. Skills are defined as functional as long as the outcome supports the students independence. For some students, those skills may be learning to feed themselves. For other students, it may be learning to use a bus and read a bus schedule. We can separate the functional skills as: Life SkillsFunctional Academic SkillsCommunity-Based Learning SkillsSocial Skills Life Skills The most basic of functional skills are those skills that we usually acquire in the first few years of life: walking, self-feeding, self-toileting, and making simple requests. Students with developmental disabilities, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders, and significant cognitive or multiple disabilities often need to have these skills taught through modeling, breaking them down, and the use of Applied Behavior Analysis. The teaching of life skills also requires that the teacher/practitioner complete appropriate task analyses in order to teach the specific skills. Functional Academic Skills Living independently requires some skills which are considered academic, even if they do not lead to higher education or the completion of a diploma. Those skills include: Math Skills  - The functional math skills include telling time, counting and using money, balancing a checkbook, measurement, and understanding volume. For higher functioning students, math skills will expand to include vocationally oriented skills, such as making change or following a schedule.Language Arts -  Reading begins as recognizing symbols, progressing to reading signs (stop, push), and moves on to reading directions. For many students with disabilities, they may need to have reading texts supported with audio recordings or adults reading. By learning to read a bus schedule, a sign in a bathroom, or directions, a student with disabilities gains independence. Community-Based Learning Skills The skills a student needs to succeed independently in the community often have to be taught in the community. These skills include using public transportation, shopping, making choices in restaurants, and crossing streets at crosswalks. Too often parents, with the desire to protect their disabled children, over-function for their children and unknowingly stand in the way of allowing their children to acquire the skills they need. Social Skills Social skills are usually modeled, but for many students with disabilities, they need to be carefully and consistently taught. In order to function in the community, students need to understand how to interact appropriately with different members of the community, not only family, peers, and teachers.

Research paper on false memory for psychology Essay

Research paper on false memory for psychology - Essay Example This paper aimed at ascertaining whether this is true using a sample of 126 people (36 Females and 90 Males). According to Roediger III, H et al. (2001), visual objects are better remembered than are words which are just memorized. To him, imagery aids are remembered since they are retained in the memory. All recall phenomenon depend on the interaction and retrieval process of the words to be recalled. To Roediger III, H. and McDermott, K.B. (1995), words which are associated with related words presented earlier on are false fully recalled. In a research, Roediger III and McDermott proved that, words which are related in a certain order are easier to false-recall than those that not related. This is so because, the memory tends to recall words in a certain order which may fail if the order is not followed. Human minds often retrieve information due to sheer falsehoods. According to Cathy, L. M. et al. (1999), in day to day life, many people interact, communicate and form and interrelationship between the various words they sue. To Cathy, L. M. et a, the ability to recall this words depends on the preexisting connections between the words and the other associates. The study below is based on the capability of recalling words. Age has also been cited as a factor in memory recall. In this case, this will be tested with the age of the various participants being split into two, those aged between 15-21 and those above 21 years; However, according to many researchers, the ability to recall words not included in any list does not depend on ones age. In this research study, it will be assumed that, the recall capability of all the participants is the same across all ages. Almost all of them are assumed to be able to recall words at the medium level. Some 126 participants were selected for the study with 36 females and 90 males. All of them were required to read the 15 words from the 15 lists and then told to remember